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1.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 16337, 2022 09 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36175533

RESUMO

Anticipation of trust from someone with high social closeness is expected. However, if there is uncertainty in the interaction because a person is a stranger or because he has distrusted us on another occasion, we need to keep track of his behavior and intentions. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) we wanted to find the brain regions related to trust anticipation from partners who differ in their level of social closeness. We designed an experiment in which 30 participants played an adapted trust game with three trustors: A computer, a stranger, and a real friend. We covertly manipulated their decisions in the game, so they trusted 75% of the trials and distrusted in remaining trials. Using a psychophysiological interaction analysis, we found increases in functional coupling between the anterior insula (AIns) and intra parietal sulcus (IPS) during trust anticipation between a high versus low social closeness partner. Also, the right parietal cortex was coupled with the fusiform gyrus (FG) and the inferior/middle temporal gyrus during trust anticipation of a friend versus a stranger. These results suggest that brain regions involved in encoding the intentions of others are recruited during trust anticipation from a friend compared to a stranger.


Assuntos
Cabeça , Confiança , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Psicofisiologia , Lobo Temporal
2.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 92(1): 36-41, 2022 01 03.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34161313

RESUMO

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease that acutely and progressively reduces physical functionality. The patient commonly suffers from intermittent relapses that increase the likelihood of comorbidities such as chronic insomnia, cognitive impairment, alterations in sexual response, psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression disorder, and decreased self-care behaviors. The objective of this study was to identify the main needs for psychological support in patients with HF. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out. Participants were selected through consecutive non-probability samples. 150 patients with a diagnosis of HF who attended the Specialized Center for Heart Failure at the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez" were evaluated from November 2018 to April 2019, applying the inventories: Quality of life in patients with HF (Minnesota), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), psychological distress thermometer (visual analog scale) and the HF Patient Information Needs Inventory. Results: 33% of the patients perceive a high level of psychological distress that requires immediate assistance and 26.6% report a medium level that requires monitoring. The main information needs reported by the patients were information on taking medications (53.7%) and managing psychological distress (43.9%). Conclusion: Active assessment of psychological distress and unmet information needs is relevant in patients with heart failure, thus highlighting the importance of their identification and the correct design and application of evidence-based interventions aimed at their resolution.


Introducción: La insuficiencia cardiaca crónica (ICC) es una enfermedad que reduce de manera aguda y progresiva la funcionalidad física. El paciente comúnmente sufre de recaídas intermitentes que aumentan la probabilidad de comorbilidades como insomnio crónico, deterioro cognitivo, alteraciones en la respuesta sexual, estrés psicológico, síntomas de trastorno de ansiedad y depresión y disminución de las conductas de autocuidado. Objetivo: Identificar las principales necesidades de apoyo psicológico en pacientes con IC. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. Se evaluaron 150 pacientes con ICC del Centro Especializado en Insuficiencia Cardiaca del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez de noviembre de 2018 a abril de 2019. Se aplicaron los inventarios: Calidad de vida en pacientes con IC (Minnesota), Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS), termómetro del distrés psicológico (escala analógica visual) y el Inventario de Necesidades de Información del Paciente con IC. Resultados: Treinta y tres por ciento de los pacientes perciben un nivel alto de distrés psicológico que requiere asistencia inmediata y el 26.6% reporta un nivel medio que requiere monitoreo. Las principales necesidades de información reportadas por los pacientes fueron información sobre la toma de medicamentos (53.7%) y manejo del estrés psicológico (43.9%). Conclusión: En pacientes con IC es relevante la valoración activa de distrés psicológico y necesidades de información no cubiertas, resaltando de este modo la importancia de su identificación y el correcto diseño y aplicación de intervenciones basadas en la evidencia enfocadas a su resolución.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Transtornos Mentais , Angústia Psicológica , Disfunção Ventricular , Estudos Transversais , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Cir Cir ; 88(6): 745-752, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33254188

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in Mexican men, the research literature contains few studies that address prostate cancer patients and quality of life in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Functional Assessment Cancer therapy (FACT-P) scale. METHOD: 201 males 49 to 90 years of age, at any clinical stage of prostate cancer, under treatment or follow-up participated. It's a non-experimental cross-sectional study. Patients were evaluated through the FACT-P jointly with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Exploratory analysis examined the factorial structure, and confirmatory analysis to evaluate the adjustment of the exploratory model to the data. RESULTS: A four-factor model that explained 64.65% of the variance, Cronbach's alpha 0.79, and correlations were statistically significant, Pearson's r of 0.146-0.716, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05. Analyses also distinguished metastatic patients from non-metastatic ones. The main indices of the confirmatory model were satisfactory for the adjustment of data and showed an estimate error close to zero. CONCLUSIONS: This Mexican version of FACT-P showed reliability and validity comparable to the original one.


ANTECEDENTES: El cáncer de próstata es la neoplasia más frecuente en los varones mexicanos, pero pocos estudios han abordado la calidad de vida en los pacientes con cáncer de próstata en México. OBJETIVO: Validar la Escala de Evaluación Funcional para el Tratamiento del Cáncer, versión próstata (FACT-P). MÉTODO: 201 pacientes de 49 a 90 años en cualquier etapa clínica, en tratamiento o seguimiento. Diseño de estudio: transversal no experimental. Se usaron el FACT-P, el Inventario de la Organización Europea para la Investigación y Tratamiento del cáncer y Calidad de Vida, y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Se realizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar el ajuste del modelo de los datos, mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un modelo de dos factores y dos indicadores que explicaron el 64.65% de la varianza, alfa de Cronbach 0.79, correlaciones estadísticamente significativas, r de Pearson de 0.146-0.716, p < 0.01 y p < 0.05. La escala discrimina los pacientes sin y con metástasis. Los principales índices del modelo confirmatorio sugieren un modelo estable y parsimonioso, con error próximo a cero, que se ajusta aceptablemente a los datos analizados. CONCLUSIONES: La versión mexicana del FACT-P posee una confiabilidad y una validez adecuadas, similares a las de la original.


Assuntos
Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Síndrome
4.
An. psicol ; 32(2): 516-527, mayo 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-151705

RESUMO

Homeless women are one of the most vulnerable groups worldwide since they are victims of labor and sexual exploitation, abuse, discrimination and marginalization at a higher rate than the rest of the population. However, currently, Mexico lacks of an accurate definition of such social group, and their characteristics as well as the magnitude and dimensions of the phenomenon are only partially and superficially known. The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a typology of homeless girls living in Mexico City. To fulfill this purpose, 300 in-depth interviews were conducted and examined thoroughly with a systematic analysis of the content. The main results indicate that Mexican homeless girls constitute a social group immersed predominantly in circumstances of violence, marginalization, poverty and social exclusion. Also, this collective includes two subgroups: girls at risk of homelessness, and girls who are emergency sheltered, unsheltered or absolutely homeless and living in places not intended for human habitation. With this typology it is possible to define, characterize and distinguish Mexican homeless girls. In addition, the phenomenon can be known with more certainty and accuracy enabling, thus, the design of effective treatment strategies


Las niñas y jóvenes en situación de calle padecen explotación laboral y sexual, violencia, discriminación y censura en una proporción mayor que el resto de la población. Empero, actualmente, al menos en México, todavía no hay una definición de dicho colectivo social y tanto sus características como la magnitud y dimensiones del fenómeno son conocidas parcial y superficialmente. Se realizó esta investigación para elaborar y validar una tipología que permita definir y caracterizar a niñas y jóvenes en situación de calle de la Ciudad de México. Se llevaron a cabo 300 entrevistas a profundidad, con las cuales se efectuó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados principales muestran que las menores y jóvenes en situación de calle son un grupo social inmerso en condiciones de marginación, exclusión social, pobreza y violencia predominantemente. A su vez, dicho colectivo incluye a dos subgrupos: aquéllas en riesgo de calle o en desventaja social y aquéllas de calle o sin hogar. Con tales resultados se tiene una tipología que permite definir, caracterizar y delimitar a la población bajo estudio, y a partir de la cual se puede conocer con mayor certeza y precisión la problemática y elaborar e implementar estrategias efectivas de atención


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Jovens em Situação de Rua/psicologia , Teoria da Construção Pessoal , Características Culturais , Condições Sociais , 34658 , Grupos de Risco
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